Which process involves the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template?

Which process involves the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template?

• A. Translation
• B. Transcription
• C. Replication
• D. Translocation

Answer: (B)

The process that involves the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template is transcription. During transcription, the enzyme RNA polymerase reads the DNA strand and synthesizes a complementary RNA molecule. This process begins when RNA polymerase binds to a specific region of the DNA called the promoter, where it unwinds the DNA strands. It then uses one of the strands as a template to build an RNA strand by adding complementary RNA nucleotides, resulting in the formation of messenger RNA (mRNA) that carries genetic information from the DNA to the ribosomes for protein synthesis. In contrast, translation refers to the process where the mRNA is decoded by ribosomes to produce a polypeptide chain, which ultimately folds into a functional protein. Replication involves the copying of DNA to ensure that each new cell receives an identical set of genetic instructions during cell division. Translocation generally refers to the movement of the ribosome along the mRNA during translation, rather than the synthesis of nucleic acids. Thus, transcription specifically pertains to the synthesis of RNA using DNA as the template.

The process that involves the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template is transcription. During transcription, the enzyme RNA polymerase reads the DNA strand and synthesizes a complementary RNA molecule. This process begins when RNA polymerase binds to a specific region of the DNA called the promoter, where it unwinds the DNA strands. It then uses one of the strands as a template to build an RNA strand by adding complementary RNA nucleotides, resulting in the formation of messenger RNA (mRNA) that carries genetic information from the DNA to the ribosomes for protein synthesis.

In contrast, translation refers to the process where the mRNA is decoded by ribosomes to produce a polypeptide chain, which ultimately folds into a functional protein. Replication involves the copying of DNA to ensure that each new cell receives an identical set of genetic instructions during cell division. Translocation generally refers to the movement of the ribosome along the mRNA during translation, rather than the synthesis of nucleic acids. Thus, transcription specifically pertains to the synthesis of RNA using DNA as the template.